Eye Pressure Explained: What It Is and Why It Matters

Ever heard the term eye pressure and wondered if it’s something you can control? It’s actually the fluid pressure inside your eye, called intraocular pressure (IOP). Keeping IOP within a healthy range is key to preventing damage to the optic nerve and avoiding conditions like glaucoma.

Normal IOP typically falls between 10 and 21 mmHg. Anything above that can increase the risk of optic nerve injury, while very low pressure might signal an eye injury or inflammation. The good news? Simple lifestyle tweaks and regular eye checks can help you stay in the safe zone.

How to Measure Eye Pressure

Measuring IOP is quick and painless. An eye doctor uses a tonometer during a routine exam. The most common method, applanation tonometry, gently flattens part of your cornea to gauge pressure. Some pharmacies even offer an air-puff test that feels like a soft puff of air on the eye. If you’ve had a recent eye exam, you probably already have a baseline number to compare against.

Knowing your baseline helps spot changes early. If you notice a jump in your numbers, your doctor may suggest more frequent monitoring or start treatment to reduce pressure.

Practical Ways to Keep Eye Pressure in Check

Here are everyday actions that can help keep your eye pressure stable:

• Stay active. Regular aerobic exercise, like walking or swimming, can lower IOP by a few points.
• Watch caffeine. Too much coffee or energy drinks may temporarily raise pressure. Aim for one cup a day.
• Limit salty foods. High sodium can lead to fluid retention, which may increase IOP.
• Protect your eyes. Wear sunglasses and safety glasses to avoid injuries that spike pressure.
• Follow medication advice. If you’re prescribed eye drops, use them exactly as directed. Skipping doses can let pressure creep up.

If you have a family history of glaucoma, you’re already at higher risk. In that case, schedule an eye exam at least once a year, even if you feel fine. Early detection is the best defense.

Some people ask whether diet can help. Foods rich in antioxidants—like leafy greens, berries, and fish high in omega‑3—support overall eye health, though direct evidence on lowering IOP is limited. Still, a balanced diet can complement other preventive measures.

Finally, be mindful of head‑down positions. Activities like scuba diving or doing yoga inversions can temporarily raise eye pressure. If you have glaucoma or suspect high IOP, talk to your doctor before regularly practicing these poses.

Bottom line: Eye pressure isn’t something you can see, but you can control it. Keep up with eye exams, adopt a healthy lifestyle, and follow any prescribed treatment. Your eyes will thank you with clearer vision and fewer worries about glaucoma.